





呼啦舞
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夏威夷群岛的呼啦舞
呼啦舞不仅仅是一种舞蹈形式,也不只是一种生活方式……呼啦舞就是生活本身。
夏威夷呼啦舞的历史
在古代夏威夷书面语言尚未形成的时代,呼啦舞及吟唱歌谣在保存历史、宗谱、神话和文化方面发挥着重要作用。手势、脚步、摇摆臀部 — 伴随着每个动作,都有一个故事徐徐展开。夏威夷原住民就是通过呼啦舞这种形式与他们的土地和诸神联系起来。
在西方传教士到来之前,呼啦舞是为了礼仪和社交乐趣而表演的。呼啦舞的歌谣和吟唱保存了夏威夷的历史 与文化。很多人认为呼啦舞是在摩洛凯岛上诞生的,但是也有一些传说认为呼啦舞源自可爱岛。
传教士到来之后多年,呼啦舞以及夏威夷语和音乐的发展都受到了抑制。特别是呼啦舞,甚至被宣布为非法活动。直到 1874 年国王大卫·卡拉卡瓦 (David Kalakaua) 继位,夏威夷文化传统才得以恢复。呼啦舞公开表演日渐盛行,截至 20 世纪早期,呼啦舞已经与时俱进,跟上了现代生活的步伐。
如今,这种深深根植于文化的独特艺术形式已经成为夏威夷文化的全球象征,也是您在夏威夷群岛旅行期间可以体验的一种艺术形式。
呼啦舞 (Hula) 艺术
有两种类型的呼啦舞 - 古风呼啦舞 (Hula Kahiko) 和摩登呼啦舞 (Hula Auana)。
古风呼啦舞是一种传统或古代风格的呼拉舞,以古时的呼拉舞为原型,与呼啦舞谱系渊源颇深,且糅合动作、声音以及来自古老地方的舞蹈设计。这种舞蹈也是人们延续至今的一种古式呼啦舞。这种独特的呼啦舞是伴着吟唱表演的,同时有 pahu 或 ipu(不同类型的鼓)等打击乐器伴奏。古风呼啦舞需要接受大量训练和全身心的投入,被视为一种与古夏威夷有着某种精神联系的舞蹈。
摩登呼啦舞是一种现代风格的呼拉舞,通常源于承袭传统谱系但采用全新编舞和音乐的呼啦舞学校。这种呼啦舞形式受到当代社会的影响,但仍传承着旧知识,采用四弦琴、吉他、钢弦吉他、低音提琴或钢琴等现代乐器伴奏。
可以在哪里看到呼啦舞表演?
您可以在岛屿各处的各种节庆场合、活动以及酒店和度假村中看到呼啦舞表演。如果您想要欣赏顶级呼啦舞表演,不妨于春季前往夏威夷大岛的希洛 (Hilo),体验一下快乐君王节 (Merrie Monarch Festival)。该节日持续一周,是为了纪念有着“快乐君王”美誉的大卫·卡拉卡瓦国王 (King David Kalakaua) 而设立的,拥有世界顶级呼啦舞比赛,活动包括艺术展览、手工艺品博览会、展示、表演和游行。节日门票极为抢手,建议提前做好计划。
7 月罗特王子呼啦舞节(Prince Lot Hula Festival)以及 9 月可爱岛摩奇哈纳节(Kauai Mokihana Festival)都会展示呼啦舞。摩洛凯岛对其呼啦舞传统格外自豪,每年 5 月都会举行摩洛凯岛呼啦舞大赛 (Molokai Ka Hula Piko Festival),由此庆祝这种艺术形式。
呼啦舞术语:
Auana:徘徊,漂流,从一个地方到另一个地方。
Halau Hula:呼啦舞学校
Kumu Hula:呼啦舞老师
Hoomakaukau:准备,做好准备。
kumu hula(呼啦舞老师)在表演开始之前常用来这个术语示意呼啦舞者 (halau) 做好准备。
Ae:是;同意。呼啦舞者对呼啦舞老师的回答,让他/她知道他们已经准备好开始。
Pa:声音;发出声音;敲击;开始跳舞的信号
Haina:一首歌曲的最后两句或多句。您可能会在表演过程中听到呼啦舞者使用这个术语。这意味着呼啦舞者听到歌曲的结尾部分、故事的结尾部分。
一边享用卢奥烤猪大餐 (Luau),一边欣赏呼啦舞表演
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